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1.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 20(3): 315-323, may. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1343489

ABSTRACT

To investigate effectsof Yangyinyiqi Mixture on pulmonary fibrosis caused by bleomycin. SD ratswere divided randomly into: model group(distilled water,1 mL·0.1 kg-1), dexamethasone acetate group (dexamethasone acetate, the dosage was reduced gradually), low-dose group (Yangyinyiqi Mixture, 11 g·kg-1), moderate-dose group (Yangyinyiqi Mixture, 22 g·kg-1), high-dose group (Yangyinyiqi Mixture, 44 g·kg-1) and control group (distilled water, 1 mL·0.1 kg-1). Yangyinyiqi Mixture and dexamethasone acetate were intragastrically administrated. Lung tissue was collected for histopathological examination. Compared with control group, collagen markedly increased and HYP content significantly increased on 7th day in model group (p<0.01). On 28th day, collagen was diffusely deposited, alveolar was destroyed, and HYP content significantly increased (p<0.01). Compared with model group, bleomycin-induced suffering injury caused MMP-9 expression levels to rapidly increase (7and 14 days, p<0.01). TIMP-1 markedly increased (7and 14 days, p<0.01) and stayed at a high level to28th day. Yangyinyiqi Mixture exerted an effect against pulmonary fibrosis, which could involved prevention of collagen deposition through inhibitingMMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression.


El trabajo investiga los efectos de la mezcla Yangyinyiqi sobre la fibrosis pulmonary causada por bleomicina. Ratas SD se dividieron aleatoriamente en: grupo modelo (agua destilada, 1 mL·0.1 kg-1), grupo acetate de dexametasona (acetate de dexametasona, la dosis se redujo gradualmente), grupo de dosis baja (mezcla Yangyinyiqi, 11 g·kg-1), grupo de dosis moderada (mezcla Yangyinyiqi, 22 g·kg-1), grupo de dosis alta (mezcla Yangyinyiqi, 44 g·kg-1) y grupo control (agua destilada, 1 Ml·0.1 kg-1). La mezcla de Yangyinyiqi y el acetate de dexametasona se administraron por vía intragástrica. Se recolectó tejido pulmonary para examen histopatológico. En comparación con el grupo control, el colágeno aumentó notablemente y el contenido de HYP aumentó significativamente el séptimo día en el grupo modelo (p<0.01). El día 28, el colágeno se depositó difusamente, se produjo destrucción alveolar y el contenido de HYP aumento significativamente (p<0.01). En comparación con el grupo modelo, la lesión inducida por bleomicina causó que los niveles de expression de MMP-9 aumentaron rápidamente (7 y 14 días, p<0.01). TIMP-1 aumentó notablemente (7 y 14 días, p<0.01) y se mantuvo en un nivel alto hasta el día 28. La mezcla Yangyinyiqi ejerció un efecto contra la fibrosis pulmonary, lo que podría implicar la prevención del deposito de colágenio mediante la inhibición de la expression de MMP-9 y TIMP-1.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Bleomycin , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Blotting, Western , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 , Disease Models, Animal , Hydroxyproline/analysis
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(2): 615-623, June 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893030

ABSTRACT

Oviductal molecules have the potential to improve the reproductive biotechnologies. In camelids, knowledge and assessment of the oviductal environment are necessary to successfully develop species-specific reproductive technologies, especially because of the camelids reproductive particularities. Among the oviductal factors, the matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases system (MMPs/TIMPs) should be investigated more thoroughly due to their participation in reproductive processes. Consequently, the current study assayed gene and protein expression of MMPs throughout the llama oviduct. MMPs zymogen and active forms in the oviductal fluid were also characterized. MMP2 and MMP9 transcripts were detected in ampulla, isthmus, utero-tubal junction and papilla, being MMP2 and MMP9 2.15 and 1.10 folds higher in papilla than in ampulla, respectively. In addition, differences in immunolocalization of MMP2 and MMP9 between the epithelial mucosa layers of the oviductal segments were observed. The presence of MMPs in the epithelium suggests their secretion into the oviductal lumen. Coincidently, bands of 62 and 94 kDa, corresponding to MMP2 and MMP9 were detected by zymography in the oviductal fluid. Treatment with an exogenous activator (APMA) suggests that they are present as proMMPs. TIMP2 and TIMP1, the specific inhibitors of MMP2 and MMP9, respectively, were expressed in each oviductal segment, indicating a well-regulated control of MMP proteolytic activity in the oviduct. These findings prove that the llama oviduct produces and secretes MMPs into the oviductal lumen, suggesting that these enzymes may have an unknown role in the preparation of the oviductal environment for gametes, fertilization and early embryo development in camelids.


Las moléculas oviductales tienen el potencial para mejorar las biotecnologías reproductivas. En los camélidos, debido a sus peculiares características reproductivas, el conocimiento del ambiente oviductal constituye una herramienta útil para el desarrollo de tecnologías reproductivas específicas para estas especies. Entre los factores oviductales de interés se encuentran las metaloproteasas de matriz (MMPs) y sus inhibidores específicos (TIMPs), los cuales han sido involucrados en diferentes procesos reproductivos. Por estas razones, en este trabajo se caracterizó la expresión génica y proteica de MMP2 y MMP9 en el oviducto de llama. Además, se analizó la presencia de las formas activas e inactivas (zimógenos) de estas enzimas en el fluido oviductal. Se observó que todos los segmentos oviductales, ámpula, istmo, unión útero-tubal y papila, expresan MMP2 y MMP9, siendo los niveles de expresión de MMP2 y MMP9 más elevados en papila respecto a ámpula; 2,15 y 1,10 veces respectivamente. Asimismo, se observaron diferencias en la distribución de las MMPs a nivel de la mucosa entre los segmentos oviductales. Consecuentemente, bandas con actividad gelatinolítica de 62 y 94 kDa, se detectaron en el fluido oviductal, las cuales corresponderían a las formas inactivas de la MMP2 y la MMP9, respectivamente. Los inhibidores específicos de MMP2 y MMP9; TIMP2 y TIMP1, también se detectaron en los segmentos oviductales, indicando su probable participación en la regulación de la actividad proteolítica de las MMPs en el oviducto de llama. En conjunto, los datos de este trabajo demuestran que el oviducto de la llama produce y secreta MMPs al lumen oviductal; sugiriendo que estas enzimas pueden participar en la preparación del ambiente oviductal para la recepción de los gametos, la fecundación y el desarrollo embrionario temprano en camélidos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Camelids, New World , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Fallopian Tubes/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 50(6): e6104, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839305

ABSTRACT

Ovarian cancer is one of the most malignant genital cancers, with a high mortality rate. Many researchers have suggested that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have remarkably high expression in ovarian cancer tissues. MMPs are considered to be related to the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Moreover, some studies have discovered that the unbalance between MMPs and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are associated with the malignant phenotype of tumors. This review summarizes the latest research progress of MMPs in ovarian cancer. The investigation of MMP mechanism in ovarian cancer will facilitate the development of effective anti-tumor drugs, and thereby improve the survival rate of patients with ovarian cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms/enzymology , Gene Expression/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/secondary , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism
4.
Cad. saúde pública ; 31(3): 496-506, 03/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744841

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the available evidence on the adequacy of economic evaluation for decision-making on the incorporation or exclusion of technologies for rare diseases. The authors conducted a structured literature review in MEDLINE via PubMed, CRD, LILACS, SciELO, and Google Scholar (gray literature). Economic evaluation studies had their origins in Welfare Economics, in which individuals maximize their utilities based on allocative efficiency. There is no widely accepted criterion in the literature to weigh the expected utilities, in the sense of assigning more weight to individuals with greater health needs. Thus, economic evaluation studies do not usually weigh utilities asymmetrically (that is, everyone is treated equally, which in Brazil is also a Constitutional principle). Healthcare systems have ratified the use of economic evaluation as the main tool to assist decision-making. However, this approach does not rule out the use of other methodologies to complement cost-effectiveness studies, such as Person Trade-Off and Rule of Rescue.


El objetivo fue sistematizar las evidencias disponibles sobre la pertinencia de utilizar la evaluación económica para la incorporación/exclusión de tecnología en enfermedades raras. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en MEDLINE vía PubMed, CRD, LILACS, SciELO y Google Académico (literatura gris). Los estudios de evaluación económica se originan de la Economía del Bienestar, en la que los individuos maximizan sus utilidades, basándose en la eficiencia de asignación. No existe un criterio ampliamente aceptado para examinar las utilidades, a fin de dar más peso a los individuos con mayores necesidades. Generalmente, los estudios no equilibran asimétricamente las utilidades, todas son consideradas iguales, lo que en Brasil es también un principio constitucional. Los sistemas de salud han ratificado el uso de la evaluación económica como la principal herramienta para ayudar en la toma de decisiones. Sin embargo, este abordaje no excluye el uso de otras metodologías complementarias a los estudios de coste-efectividad, como la técnica de compensación personal o la regla del rescate.


O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as evidências disponíveis sobre a adequação do uso de avaliação econômica sobre incorporação/exclusão de tecnologias para doenças raras. Foi realizada uma revisão estruturada da literatura, nas bases MEDLINE, via PubMed, CRD, LILACS, SciELO e Google Acadêmico (literatura cinzenta). Os estudos de avaliação econômica têm origem na Economia do Bem-Estar, na qual os indivíduos maximizam suas utilidades, fundamentando-se na eficiência alocativa. Não há um critério amplamente aceito para ponderar as utilidades esperadas, no sentido de dar mais peso aos indivíduos com maiores necessidades em saúde. Geralmente não se ponderam assimetricamente as utilidades; todas são tratadas de forma igualitária, que, no caso brasileiro, também é um princípio constitucional. Os sistemas de saúde têm ratificado o uso de avaliação econômica como principal instrumento para auxiliar na tomada de decisão. No entanto, essa postura não exclui o uso de outras metodologias complementares aos estudos de custo-efetividade, como Person Trade-Off e regra de resgate.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Atherosclerosis/enzymology , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Foam Cells/enzymology , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Aortic Rupture/etiology , Aortic Rupture/prevention & control , Atherosclerosis/complications , Atherosclerosis/immunology , Foam Cells/pathology , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Lipid Metabolism , Models, Immunological , Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Myocardial Infarction/enzymology , Myocardial Infarction/immunology , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/immunology , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism
5.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 51(1): 80-92, ene.-mar. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-721273

ABSTRACT

Las metaloproteinasas de la matriz son una familia de proteasas zinc-dependientes encargadas de la remodelación de los componentes proteicos de la matriz extracelular de todos los tejidos, su actividad catalítica es controlada por inhibidores tisulares de metaloproteinasas de la matriz. En condiciones patológicas se pierde el equilibrio existente entre MMPs con respecto a la de estos inhibidores endógenos, este desequilibrio es evidente en enfermedades orales como la caries dental, gingivitis, periodontitis, entre otras, por lo tanto la posibilidad de lograr una inhibición selectiva de la actividad de estas enzimas con inhibidores sintéticos constituye un enfoque prometedor en el tratamiento de distintas enfermedades de la cavidad oral. Se presenta a continuación una revisión bibliográfica cuyo objetivo es analizar el papel que juegan las metaloproteinasas de la matriz en el desarrollo de patologías orales e identificar el aporte que ha hecho el análisis computacional de estas enzimas en el campo de la odontología. Para tal fin se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de la literatura disponible en bases de datos como Pubmed, Sience Direct, Ovid y Ebsco Host empleando palabras claves como: patologías orales, cáncer oral, adhesión dentinaria, metaloproteinasas de la matriz, inhibidor sintético de metaloproteinasas y modelado molecular. Se seleccionaron 35 artículos para orientar la presente revisión. Al terminar se pudo concluir que existe correlación positiva entre la desregulación de determinadas MMPs y la progresión de ciertas enfermedades orales, esto ha impulsado la identificación y el diseño insílico de inhibidores efectivos para estas proteínas, partiendo de análisis relación estructura-actividad y acoplamiento molecular computacional. Hasta la fecha se ha logrado demostrar que los inhibidores de MMPs más potentes presentan grupos hidroxamatos. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el diseño de compuestos que bloqueen la actividad representa una estrategia quimiopreventiva racional encaminada a la inhibición de las MMPs(AU)


Matrix metalloproteinases are a family of zinc-dependent proteases responsible for the remodeling the protein components of extracellular matrix of all tissues; its catalytic activity is controlled by tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. At pathological conditions the balance between MMPs regarding these endogenous inhibitors is lost, this imbalance is evident in oral diseases including dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, among others, hence the possibility of achieving selective inhibition of activity of these enzymes with synthetic inhibitors is a promising approach in the treatment of various diseases of the oral cavity. A literature review aimed at analyzing the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the development of oral diseases and identify the contribution made by the computational analysis of these enzymes in the field of dentistry is presented below. To this end a search of the literature available was conducted in databases such as Pubmed, Sience Direct, Ovid, and Ebsco Host using keywords like: oral pathology, oral cancer, dentin bonding, matrix metalloproteinases, synthetic inhibitor of metalloproteinases, and molecular modeling. 35 items were selected to guide this review. At the end it was concluded that there is positive correlation between deregulation of certain MMPs and progression of certain oral diseases, this has boosted in silico identifying and designing effective inhibitors for these proteins, based on structure-activity relationship analysis and molecular docking computational. To date it has successfully demonstrated that the most potent inhibitors of MMPs have hydroxamate groups. So far it has successfully demonstrated that the most potent inhibitors of MMPs have hydroxamate groups. Considering the above, the design of compounds that block the chemopreventive activity represents a rational strategy for the inhibition of MMPs(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Computational Biology/methods , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinases/physiology , Review Literature as Topic , Databases, Bibliographic
6.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 39(2): 257-267, Mar-Apr/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676255

ABSTRACT

Objectives To analyze the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) biogenesis and remodeling in vaginal tissue of women with clinically normal pelvic floor support (defined as controls) according to the phase of menstrual cycle and postmenopausal women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Materials and Methods This study examined the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and the Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family genes in the anterior vaginal wall of Caucasian women by real-time RT-PCR. Initially, mRNA expression was assessed in premenopausal controls in the secretory (group 1, n = 10) vs. proliferative (group 2, n = 8) phase of menstrual cycle. In addition, we compared premenopausal controls in the proliferative phase (group 2) vs. postmenopausal controls (group 3, n = 5). Finally, we analyzed postmenopausal controls (group 3) vs. postmenopausal women with advanced POP (group 4, n = 13). Results According to the phase of menstrual cycle, MMP1 was significantly reduced (p = 0.003), whereas the expression of TIMP1 and LOXL4 was significantly up-regulated during proliferative phase (both p < 0.01) when compared to the secretory phase in premenopausal control women. Regarding menopausal status/ageing, all MMPs were down-regulated, while TIMP3, TIMP4 and LOXL2 were significantly up-regulated in postmenopausal control women when compared to premenopausal controls (p = 0.005, p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, correspondingly). TIMP4 and LOXL2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in postmenopausal POP patients compared to asymptomatic postmenopausal controls (p < 0.01 for both). Conclusions Our results indicate that ovarian cycle and age-related changes influence the expression of genes encoding proteins responsible for ECM metabolism in human vagina. Moreover, POP is associated with alteration in vaginal ECM components after menopause. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Extracellular Matrix/genetics , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Menopause/genetics , Menstrual Cycle/genetics , Menstrual Cycle/metabolism , Vagina/metabolism , Age Factors , Case-Control Studies , Collagen/genetics , Collagen/metabolism , Elastin/genetics , Elastin/metabolism , Gene Expression , Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Menopause/metabolism , Premenopause/genetics , Premenopause/metabolism , /genetics , /metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger/blood , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/genetics , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism
7.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2012 Oct; 49(5): 342-348
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-143555

ABSTRACT

Endometriosis is a common reproductive disorder believed to be associated with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities for invasion and remodeling of endometrial tissues. Ectopic endometrium has higher capacity to produce proMMP-2 than eutopic tissues; however, the role of MMP-2 during early phase of endometriosis development is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of MMP-2 in establishment and development of endometriosis in mouse model. The effect of curcumin on regression of endometriosis through protease/antiprotease balance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was also examined. After endometrial inoculation into peritoneum, we observed a significant elevation of proMMP-2 activity from day 2 onwards. This increased MMP-2 activity was associated with decreased expression of tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-2, while a significant up-regulation of active MMP-2 activity was observed from day 3 onwards. The activation of proMMP-2 to active MMP-2 was associated with increased expression of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1MMP). Curcumin at a dose of 48 mg/kg b.w. repressed the MMP-2 activity via up-regulation of bound TIMP-2 expression, thus delayed endometriosis development. In addition, curcumin inhibited production of active MMP-2 by down-regulating MT1MMP expression. Moreover, endometriotic progression was directly linked with increased MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio which was delayed by curcumin pretreatment. In summary, our study documents the regulation of MMP-2 activity by TIMP-2 during the early phase of endometriosis development and inhibitory action of curcumin thereon.


Subject(s)
Curcumin , Endometriosis/diet therapy , Endometriosis/therapy , Humans , Matrix Metalloproteinases , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism
8.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine ; : 305-312, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-168746

ABSTRACT

Although continuous low-dose (metronomic [MET]) therapy exerts anti-cancer efficacy in various cancer models, the effect of long-term MET therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. This study assessed the long-term efficacy of MET on suppression of tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis in a rat model of HCC induced by administration of diethylnitrosamine for 16 wk. The rats were divided into 3 groups: MTD group received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 40 mg/kg cyclophosphamide on days 1, 3, and 5 of a 21-day cycle; Control and MET groups received i.p. injections of saline and 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide twice a week, respectively. Anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects and anti-metastatic mechanisms including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) were evaluated. Twelve wk of MET therapy resulted in a significant reduction in intrahepatic tumors than control or MTD therapy. The MET group had fewer proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and decreased hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha levels and microvessel density. Lung metastases were detected in 100%, 80%, and 42.9% in the control, MTD, and MET groups, respectively. MET therapy significantly decreased expression of TIMP-1, MMP-2 and -9. For mediators of pro-MMP-2 activation, MET therapy induced significant suppression in the TIMP-2 and MMP-14 level. The survival in the MET group was significantly prolonged compared to the control and MTD groups. Long-term MET scheduling suppresses tumor growth and metastasis via its potent anti-angiogenic properties and a decrease in MMPs and TIMPs activities. These results provide a rationale for long-term MET dosing in future clinical trials of HCC treatment.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Diethylnitrosamine , Disease Models, Animal , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Liver Cirrhosis/chemically induced , Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Neovascularization, Pathologic/enzymology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Survival Analysis , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Tumor Burden/drug effects
9.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 141(4): 315-322, jul.-ago. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632071

ABSTRACT

La fibrosis hepática involucra múltiples eventos celulares y moleculares que inducen un excesivo depósito de proteínas de matriz extracelular que distorsionan la arquitectura del parénquima hepático, cuya etapa final es conocida como cirrosis. El daño proviene de una variedad de causas como abuso de drogas y enfermedades virales, autoinmunes, metabólicas y colestásicas. La degradación de estas proteínas de matriz ocurre predominantemente como una consecuencia de la acción de metalopro teinasas (MMPs) que degradan sustratos colágenos y no colágenos. La degradación de la matriz en el hígado se lleva a cabo principalmente por la acción de cuatro de estas enzimas: MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 y MMP-9. En el sistema fibrinolítico, las MMPs pueden ser activadas a través de un corte proteolítico por acción del activador de plasminógeno tipo urocinasa y un segundo mecanismo de activación es realizado por las mismas MMPs. La regulación para restringir la actividad puede ser a diferentes niveles; en el sistema fibrinolítico el principal regulador es el PAI- 1, molécula que bloquea la conversión de plasminógeno a plasmina y la MMP no puede ser activada. Un segundo nivel de inhibición es posible a través del TIMP, que inhibe la actividad proteolítica aun cuando las MMPs hayan sido activadas vía plasmina. Durante condiciones patológicas la sobreexpresión de estos inhibidores es dirigida por el factor de crecimiento transformante β, el cual en un padecimiento fibrótico actúa como el más importante factor adverso.


Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis involve multiple cellular and molecular events that lead to deposition of an excess of extracellular matrix proteins and increase the distortion of normal liver architecture. Etiologies include chronic viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse and drug toxicity. Degradation of these matrix proteins occurs predominantly as a result of a family of enzymes called metalloproteinases (MMPs) that specifically degrade collagenous and non collagenous substrates. Matrix degradation in the liver is due to the action of at least four of these enzymes: MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP 3 and MMP 9. In the fibrinolytic system, MMPs can be activated through proteolytic cleavage by the action of urokinase plasminogen activator; a second mechanism includes the same metalloproteinases. This activity is regulated at many levels in the fibrinolytic system. The main regulator is the PAI- 1. This molecule blocks the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin, and the MMP cannot be activated. At a second level, the inhibition is possible by binding to inhibitors called TIMP that can inhibit the proteolytic activity even when the MMPs had been previously activated by plasmin. During abnormal conditions, overexpression of these inhibitors is directed by the transforming growth factor-β that in a fibrotic disease acts as an extremely important adverse factor.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/enzymology , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology , Enzyme Activation , Fibrinolysis , Forecasting , Fibrinolysin/metabolism , Homeostasis , Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology , Liver Cirrhosis/therapy , Liver/cytology , Liver/enzymology , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Plasminogen Activators/metabolism , Plasminogen/metabolism , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism
10.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology ; : 401-408, 2005.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-160388

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lymph node (LN) metastasis occurs in approximately 10% of patients with submucosally invasive colorectal carcinoma. This study was performed to determine the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) production and microvessel formation on the LN metastasis in submucosally invasive colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: A total of forty-one subjects with surgically resected submucosally invasive colorectal carcinoma were included in this study. Immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator were performed. Angiogenesis was evaluated by counting the number of microvessels in each pathologic specimen as identified by CD34 immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The depth of submucosal invasion was not significantly correlated with the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, or urokinase-type plasminogen activator, but the microvessel count was significantly correlated with the absolute depth of invasion (r=0.312, p<0.05). Upregulation of TIMP-2 was positively correlated with adjacent lymphatic invasion (p<0.05) and increased TIMP-2 expression was correlated with LN metastasis in submucosally invasive colorectal carcinoma (p=0.088). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the expression of TIMP-2 and the microvessel count may be useful parameters for considering additional surgery after endoscopic treatment of submucosally invasive colorectal carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Colorectal Neoplasms/blood supply , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphatic Metastasis , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism
11.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine ; : 95-102, 2001.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-42075

ABSTRACT

Leptin, the product of ob gene, is an endocrine hormone that regulates adipose tissue mass. Recently, leptin has been found to generate a growth signal involving a tyrosine kinase-dependent intracellular pathway and promote angiogenic processes via activation of leptin receptor (Ob-R) in endothelial cells. However, it is not clear how leptin functions to promote multi-step processes involved in the neovascularization at the atherosclerotic plaque. We have examined the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and Ob-R in human atherosclerotic lesions, leptin-mediated angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis of human atherosclerotic aorta revealed an increased expression of Ob-R in the intima of neorevascularized regions and of both MMPs and TIMPs predominantly in the endothelial lining of intimal neovessels and macrophages/foam cells. In the rat corneal angiogenesis assay, leptin elicited a comparable sensitivity of angiogenic activity to those of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The immunohistological analysis of the leptin-treated rat cornea showed definitive rises in Ob-R, MMPs and TIMPs expression as well as those of VEGF receptor (VEGFR-1). Leptin (10-40 ng/ml) induced proliferation of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and elevation of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Leptin also induced increases of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and Up-regulated the human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs). These findings suggest that leptin, a hormone with pluralistic properties including a mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells, plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of MMPs and TIMPs. Taken together, our findings further provide evidences for leptin's role as an angiogenesis inducer in the normal organ (rat cornea) and in aberrant vasculature under duress like atherosclerosis.


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Arteriosclerosis/metabolism , Blotting, Western , Cell Division , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/cytology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Leptin/chemistry , Lymphokines/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinases/biosynthesis , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism , Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Umbilical Veins/metabolism , Up-Regulation
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